Demographic characteristics by live birth or stillbirth among singleton hospital births in Ontario, Canada, Apr. 1, 2012, to Dec. 31, 2018
| Characteristic | No. (%) of pregnant people* | |
|---|---|---|
| Live birth n = 679 222 | Stillbirth n = 1956 | |
| Maternal age, yr, mean ± SD | 30.4 ± 5.3 | 31.0 ± 5.8 |
| Nulliparity | 293 520 (43.2) | 909 (46.5) |
| Smoker | 69 709 (10.3) | 274 (14.0) |
| Income quintile | ||
| 1 (lowest) | 158 909 (23.4) | 579 (29.6) |
| 2 | 125 482 (18.5) | 366 (18.7) |
| 3 | 132 916 (19.6) | 378 (19.3) |
| 4 | 157 139 (23.1) | 377 (19.3) |
| 5 (highest) | 104 776 (15.4) | 256 (13.1) |
| Substance exposure | 15 075 (2.2) | 66 (3.4) |
| Assisted reproductive technology | 22 721 (3.4) | 80 (4.1) |
| Pre-existing conditions | ||
| Chronic hypertension | 5480 (0.8) | 42 (2.2) |
| Pre-gestational diabetes | 6500 (1.0) | 63 (3.2) |
| Other | 166 634 (24.5) | 586 (30.0) |
| Obstetrical history | ||
| Stillbirth | 7968 (1.2) | 64 (3.3) |
| Cesarean delivery | 100 557 (14.8) | 279 (14.3) |
| Antenatal care | ||
| Family physician | 68 886 (10.1) | 184 (9.4) |
| Obstetrician | 379 983 (55.9) | 1083 (55.4) |
| Family physician and obstetrician | 106 752 (15.7) | 274 (14.0) |
| Midwife | 109 748 (16.2) | 365 (18.7) |
| None | 1968 (0.3) | 13 (0.7) |
| Other | 11 885 (1.8) | 37 (1.9) |
| BMI category | ||
| Underweight | 39 681 (5.8) | 101 (5.2) |
| Normal weight | 346 338 (51.0) | 854 (43.7) |
| Overweight | 165 405 (24.4) | 474 (24.2) |
| Class I obesity | 74 678 (11.0) | 273 (14.0) |
| Class II obesity | 32 212 (4.7) | 163 (8.3) |
| Class III obesity | 20 908 (3.1) | 91 (4.7) |
Note: BMI = body mass index, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless indicated otherwise.