Characteristics of circumcised and uncircumcised boys enrolled in the study
| Characteristic | Uncircumcised boys, visibility of urethral meatus n = 309 | Circumcised boys n = 84 | p value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonvisible n = 163 | Partially visible n = 106 | Completely visible n = 40 | Partially/nonvisible | Circumcised | ||
| Age, mo, median (IQR) | 3.5 (1.5–8.3) | 3.1 (1.2–9.7) | 11.6 (2.8–18.5) | 3.9 (1.4–4.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.01 |
| Potential confounders, no. (%) | ||||||
| Fever ≥ 38°C | 100 (61.3) | 55 (51.9) | 27 (67.5) | 50 (59.5) | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Previous urinary tract infection | 13 (8.0) | 6 (5.7) | 6 (15.0) | 3 (3.6) | 0.09 | 0.02 |
| Breastfed | 117 (71.8) | 63 (59.4) | 20 (50.0) | 59 (70.2) | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Bronchiolitis | 9 (5.5) | 8 (7.5) | 3 (7.5) | 5 (6.0) | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Age, mo | ||||||
| < 3 | 77 (47.2) | 52 (49.1) | 11 (27.5) | 33 (39.3) | 0.02 | 0.2 |
| ≥ 3 to < 12 | 67 (41.1) | 31 (29.2) | 9 (22.5) | 25 (29.8) | 0.08 | 0.7 |
| ≥ 12 | 19 (11.7) | 23 (21.7) | 20 (50.0) | 26 (30.9) | < 0.001 | 0.04 |
Note: IQR = interquartile range.
↵* v. Completely visible meatus. Mann–Whitney U test for medians; χ2 test for proportions (Fisher exact test used when count was less than 5).