Background Fruit and vegetable intakes have been associated with a reduced risk of colon
cancer; however, in more recent studies associations have been less consistent. Statistical …

Background: Dairy foods and their constituents (lactose and calcium) have been hypothesized
to promote ovarian carcinogenesis. Although case-control studies have reported …

Purpose Hormone-related factors have been associated with ovarian cancer, the strongest
being parity and oral contraceptive use. Given reductions in birth rates and increases in oral …

Background: Retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that if detected
early by regular retinal examinations can be treated; thus, blindness can be delayed or …

The Arg/Arg genotype versus Arg/Pro or Pro/Pro at codon 72 of the p53 gene has been
implicated as a risk marker in cervical neoplasia. However, research on this topic has produced …

Background: Coffee has been hypothesized to have pro- and anticarcinogenic properties,
whereas tea may contain anticarcinogenic compounds. Studies assessing coffee intake and …

Infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC). The distribution of HPV types in cervical …

It has been hypothesized that flavonoids in foods and beverages may reduce cancer risk
through antioxidation, inhibition of inflammation, and other antimutagenic and antiproliferative …

While diets rich in fruit and vegetables appear to reduce lung cancer risk, the evidence for
individual carotenoid and vitamin intakes has been judged too limited to reach firm …

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐G acts as negative regulator of the immune responses and
its expression in tumor cells may enable them to escape immunosurveillance. The purpose …