Universal care
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* J.A. Chris Delaney
* Jacqueline Quail

*   © 2004 Canadian Medical Association or its licensors

Noralou Roos and associates1 cite several reports as saying that a zero price for health care services leads to unnecessary use of the system.2,3 However, this belief does not take into account the time and effort involved in accessing health care services, particularly for people of low socioeconomic status. People in this situation may be less likely to own a car or to be able to afford public transport, which limits their transportation options and makes it difficult for them to visit a medical clinic. Walking to a clinic may be an option, but clinic location, a patient's disability (especially for elderly patients) and harsh winters often make walking impractical. Furthermore, it may be difficult for a single mother to bring her children along when she needs medical care for herself, but because single mothers are more likely to live in poverty,4 inability to pay for child care may be an issue.

Because of these barriers to accessing health services, people of low socioeconomic status may be less likely to visit a physician in the early stages of a health problem. Such a delay could result in a worsening of the condition, leading to a need for more expensive treatment or even admission to hospital. This might help explain the higher costs of treating patients of low socioeconomic status, as reported by Roos and associates,1 and suggests that we should focus on accessibility rather than on implementing user fees as a way to reduce health care costs.

**J.A. Chris Delaney Jacqueline Quail** Department of Clinical Epidemiology Royal Victoria Hospital Montréal, Que.

## References

1.  1. Roos NP, Forget E, Walld R, MacWilliam L. Does universal comprehensive insurance encourage unnecessary use? Evidence from Manitoba says “no.” CMAJ 2004;170(2):209-14.
    
    [Abstract/FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiY21haiI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIxNzAvMi8yMDkiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL2NtYWovMTcwLzEwLzE1MjAuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=) 

2.  2. Ramsay C. Medical savings accounts: universal, accessible, portable, comprehensive health care for Canadians. *Crit Issues Bull* Vancouver: The Fraser Institute; 1998.
    
    

3.  3. Holle P, Owens D. Universal medical savings accounts: consumerizing medicare to end waiting lists and improve service. Policy series, no 5. Winnipeg: Frontier Centre for Public Policy; 2000. 
    
    

4.  4. McIntyre L, Connor SK, Warren J. Child hunger in Canada: results of the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. CMAJ 2000;163(8):961-5.
    
    [Abstract/FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiY21haiI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIxNjMvOC85NjEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL2NtYWovMTcwLzEwLzE1MjAuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=)