Polypharmacy: prevention and management
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* C. Shawn Tracy
* Jonathan Fuller
* Ross E.G. Upshur

We have followed the *CMAJ* series of case-based practice articles on polypharmacy with great interest and we commend the authors1,2 for drawing attention to this issue. As the population of older Canadians with multiple chronic conditions grows, the challenge of managing medications in these patients becomes more pressing.

Farrell and colleagues1,2 have presented two instructive cases of senior patients with multiple chronic conditions, complex medication regimens and multiple prescribers. We wish to emphasize the essential role of the interprofessional team in making sense of the complexities inherent to such cases. In both the cases1,2 the patients benefited greatly from referral to a local geriatric day hospital. Unfortunately, current demand for such specialized services far outstrips supply. Consequently, much of the management of complex medication regimens is performed in primary care. This is a time-consuming process, as Frank3 has indicated, and is not well suited to the usual 10- to 15-minute family-physician visit.

Necessity being the mother of invention, we developed a new primary care model designed specifically for older patients with complex health and medication needs. The IMPACT clinic4 features an extended 90-minute visit, during which an interprofessional team conducts a comprehensive 360-degree assessment and co-creates, with the patient and family, a plan of care that is mutually agreed upon. Review of medication appropriateness and reconciliation is a vitally important component of the clinic, and all IMPACT patients and their families are provided with an up-to-date, user-friendly medication list.

Given the high frequency of change in complex regimens, which are often driven by visits to multiple prescribers, we believe that primary care is the appropriate setting for ongoing medication management in complex patients. The series by Farrell and colleagues1,2 also underscores the importance of applied research to develop, implement and evaluate management tools for complex medication regimens.

## References

1.  Farrell B, Merkley VF, Thompson W. Managing polypharmacy in a 77-year-old woman with multiple prescribers. CMAJ 2013;185:1240–5.
    
    [FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiY21haiI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMToiMTg1LzE0LzEyNDAiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL2NtYWovMTg2LzE3LzEzMjEuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=) 

2.  Farrell B, Monahan A, Thompson W. Revisiting medication use in a frail 93-year-old man experiencing possible adverse effects. CMAJ 2014;186:445–9.
    
    [FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiY21haiI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIxODYvNi80NDUiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL2NtYWovMTg2LzE3LzEzMjEuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=) 

3.  Frank C. Deprescribing: a new word to guide medication review. CMAJ 2014;186:407–8.
    
    [FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiY21haiI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIxODYvNi80MDciO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyNDoiL2NtYWovMTg2LzE3LzEzMjEuMS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=) 

4.  Tracy CS, Bell SH, Nickell LA, et al. The IMPACT clinic: an innovative model of interprofessional primary care for elderly patients with complex healthcare needs. Can Fam Physician 2013;59:e148–55.
    
    [Abstract/FREE Full Text](http://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MzoiY2ZwIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjU5LzMvZTE0OCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjI0OiIvY21hai8xODYvMTcvMTMyMS4xLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==)