Analysis
Adjustment for continuous confounders: an example of how to prevent residual confounding
Rolf H.H. Groenwold, Olaf H. Klungel, Douglas G. Altman, Yolanda van der Graaf, Arno W. Hoes and Karel G.M. Moons
CMAJ March 19, 2013 185 (5) 401-406; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.120592
Rolf H.H. Groenwold
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
MD PhDOlaf H. Klungel
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
PharmD PhDDouglas G. Altman
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
DScYolanda van der Graaf
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
MD PhDArno W. Hoes
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
MD PhDKarel G.M. Moons
From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology (Groenwold, Klungel), Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University; the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (Groenwold, Klungel, van der Graaf, Hoes, Moons), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; and the Centre for Statistics in Medicine (Altman), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
PhD![Loading Loading](https://www.cmaj.ca/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif)
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Adjustment for continuous confounders: an example of how to prevent residual confounding
Rolf H.H. Groenwold, Olaf H. Klungel, Douglas G. Altman, Yolanda van der Graaf, Arno W. Hoes, Karel G.M. Moons
CMAJ Mar 2013, 185 (5) 401-406; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.120592
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