RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Risk factors for early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates: a population-based case–control study
JF Canadian Medical Association Journal
JO CMAJ
FD Canadian Medical Association
SP 198
OP 203
VO 169
IS 3
A1 Adair, Carol Elaine
A1 Kowalsky, Laura
A1 Quon, Harvey
A1 Ma, Doreen
A1 Stoffman, Jayson
A1 McGeer, Allison
A1 Robertson, Sheila
A1 Mucenski, Melissa
A1 Davies, H. Dele
YR 2003
UL http://www.cmaj.ca/content/169/3/198.abstract
AB Background: Infection with group B streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal illness and death. We examined the antenatal and perinatal risk factors for early-onset GBS disease among neonates. Methods: We identified cases by population-based surveillance in all microbiology laboratories serving Alberta. A case was defined as any instance of a positive sterile-site GBS culture in an infant born between 1993 and 1997 who was either less than 7 days old or stillborn after 20 weeks' gestation. We randomly selected controls from a computer-compiled list of all hospital births, including stillbirths after 20 weeks' gestation, in Alberta during the study period. To increase power, we chose 5 or 6 control infants born in the same year as each case infant. We reviewed hospital, prenatal clinic and physician health records and, between 1997 and 1999, conducted maternal interviews by telephone. Results: There were no differences between the 90 cases and 489 controls in sociodemographic variables or in many reproductive and behavioural variables. Case infants were more likely than control infants to be of low birth weight (odds ratio [OR] 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–7.65), to have been delivered preterm (OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.08–7.27), or to have a mother with amnionitis (OR 15.03, 95% CI 5.58–41.89), intrapartum fever (OR 4.65, 95% CI 2.48–8.69) or premature rupture of the membranes (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.38–4.14). After adjustment for potential confounders, intrauterine fetal monitoring was associated with a more than 2-fold increase in the risk of neonatal GBS disease (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.22–4.13). Interpretation: Intrauterine fetal monitoring should be added to the list of risk factors in risk-based screening. Since many of the cases had no identifiable maternal risk factors, universal screening for GBS may be appropriate.