Factors associated with Status First Nations peoples who had a record of first treatment dispensation for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after a positive HCV RNA test (n = 2675)*
| Variable | Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) |
| Age, yr | ||
| 0–20 | 1.11 (0.80–1.53) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) |
| 21–40 | Ref. | Ref. |
| 41–60 | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 1.32 (1.15–1.50) |
| ≥ 61 | 2.58 (1.78–3.76) | 2.62 (1.80–3.82) |
| Urbanicity of residence | ||
| Urban | Ref. | Ref. |
| Rural | 0.98 (0.85–1.13) | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) |
| Community residence | ||
| Outside of First Nations community | Ref. | Ref. |
| Within First Nations community | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 1.03 (0.85–1.25) |
| Comorbidities† | ||
| ADG score, 1 year before index date | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Coinfection with HBV or HIV | ||
| No record | Ref. | Ref. |
| Record before index date | 0.96 (0.69–1.33) | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) |
| Substance use or addictive disorders | ||
| No record | Ref. | Ref. |
| Record before index date | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 1.09 (0.94–1.28) |
| Treatment era | ||
| Index date before Dec. 31, 2013 (pre-DAA era) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Index date after Dec. 31, 2013 (post-DAA era) | 2.59 (2.20–3.05) | 2.71 (2.29–3.22) |
Note: ADG = aggregated diagnosis groups, CI = confidence interval, DAA = direct-acting antiviral, HBV = hepatitis B virus, Ref. = reference.
↵* Model was run only with people with a positive RNA test. Those who did not initiate treatment were censored at date of death, 10 years after date of last contact with the health care system or on Dec. 31, 2018, whichever occurred first. The model was run with 2675 people and consisted of 973 events (including backfilled treatment people) and 1702 people censored. In total, the model had 10 degrees of freedom. The proportional hazards assumption was checked for each model covariate using time-to-event curves and weighted Schoenfeld residuals (at a threshold of p < 0.05) and no variables violated the assumption.
↵† ADG score was derived using the John Hopkins ACG system.