Association of primary nonadherence with primary care provider, patient and medication characteristics in the overall study cohort and across patient age
| Characteristic | Overall study cohort | Patients aged ≥ 65 yr | Patients aged < 65 yr | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Provider sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Male | 0.66 | 0.50–0.88 | 0.68 | 0.49–0.96 | 0.68 | 0.52–0.88 |
| Odds per 10-year increase in provider age | 1.05 | 0.97–1.13 | 1.05 | 0.92–1.19 | 1.02 | 0.94–1.11 |
| Patient sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Male | 1.03 | 0.98–1.08 | 1.1 | 1.00–1.21 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 |
| Odds per 10-year increase in patient age | 0.91 | 0.90–0.92 | 1.05 | 1.00–1.10 | 0.89 | 0.88–0.90 |
| Neighbourhood income quintile | ||||||
| 5 (highest income quintile) | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 4 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.13 | 1.06 | 0.93–1.21 | 1.06 | 0.98–1.13 |
| 3 | 1.03 | 0.97–1.10 | 0.95 | 0.84–1.08 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.13 |
| 2 | 1.03 | 0.96–1.10 | 0.92 | 0.80–1.05 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.14 |
| 1 (lowest income quintile) | 1.04 | 0.97–1.11 | 1.03 | 0.89–1.19 | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 |
| No. of medications prescribed in the past year | ||||||
| No other medication | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| 1–3 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 1.16 | 1.05–1.29 | 0.98 | 0.93–1.03 |
| 4–6 | 1.11 | 1.04–1.18 | 1.25 | 1.11–1.41 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.14 |
| ≥ 7 | 1.11 | 1.04–1.18 | 1.26 | 1.14–1.40 | 1.02 | 0.94–1.10 |
| Drug therapeutic category | ||||||
| Anti-infectives | 1 | – | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Alimentary tract | 0.89 | 0.83–0.96 | 0.63 | 0.55–0.73 | 1.04 | 0.95–1.14 |
| Cardiovascular | 0.46 | 0.42–0.50 | 0.37 | 0.33–0.42 | 0.55 | 0.49–0.61 |
| Dermatological | 1.36 | 1.28–1.45 | 1.29 | 1.12–1.48 | 1.39 | 1.29–1.49 |
| Genitourinary and sex hormones | 0.71 | 0.66–0.77 | 0.65 | 0.54–0.78 | 0.74 | 0.68–0.80 |
| Nervous system | 0.56 | 0.53–0.60 | 0.51 | 0.45–0.58 | 0.59 | 0.55–0.63 |
| Respiratory | 0.82 | 0.77–0.88 | 0.86 | 0.76–0.99 | 0.81 | 0.75–0.87 |
| Other* | 0.75 | 0.70–0.79 | 0.64 | 0.57–0.73 | 0.8 | 0.74–0.86 |
Note: CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio from hierarchical logistic regression.
↵* Blood agents, hormones, antineoplastics, musculoskeletal, antiparasitic, sensory organs and various categories.