Baseline characteristics of participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease who received enhanced usual care (control) or naturopathic care
| Characteristics | Naturopathic care, n = 124 | Control, n = 122 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD or no. (%)* | n | Mean ± SD or no. (%)* | |
| Metabolic syndrome† | 107 | 59 (55.1) | 113 | 49 (43.4) |
| Cardiovascular risk† | 109 | 10.73 (8.13) | 114 | 9.54 (6.88) |
| Height, m | 109 | 1.69 ± 0.1 | 114 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
| Weight, kg | 109 | 85.5 ± 20.9 | 114 | 81.8 ± 16.7 |
| Body mass index | 109 | 29.5 ± 7.0 | 112 | 28.3 ± 5.3 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 109 | 101.8 ± 13.6 | 112 | 98.9 ± 12.9 |
| Hip circumference, cm | 109 | 109.3 ± 13.6 | 112 | 106.5 ± 9.6 |
| Waist to hip ratio | 109 | 0.93 ± 0.06 | 112 | 0.93 ± 0.06 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 98 | 3.49 ± 0.98 | 108 | 3.3 ± 0.98 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 108 | 1.15 ± 0.48 | 112 | 2.09 ± 10.29 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 110 | 2.29 ± 1.34 | 114 | 2.25 ± 1.26 |
| Ratio of total cholesterol to HDL | 105 | 5.27 ± 1.57 | 112 | 5 ± 1.17 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 109 | 5.81 ± 1.06 | 113 | 5.7 ± 0.97 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 110 | 5.86 ± 1.91 | 114 | 5.72 ± 1.77 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 109 | 125.5 ± 16.4 | 114 | 123.2 ± 17.0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 109 | 81.9 ± 10.9 | 114 | 81.9 ± 10.9 |
| Current smoker | 109 | 9 (11.3) | 113 | 18 (15.8) |
| No. of packs per week, if smoked, median (IQR) | 9 | 5 (3.5–7) | 18 | 3.68 (2–7) |
| Alcohol use | 109 | 48 (44.0) | 114 | 50 (43.9) |
| No. of drinks per week, if consumed alcohol | 48 | 6.67 ± 7 | 50 | 6.44 ± 8.45 |
| Caffeine use | 109 | 93 (85.3) | 113 | 105 (92.9) |
| Cups/wk, all participants | 109 | 14.96 ± 14.9 | 113 | 12.92 ± 12.13 |
| Cups/wk, if consumed caffeine | 93 | 17.54 ± 14.67 | 105 | 13.90 ± 12.02 |
| Exercise intensity, min/wk | ||||
| Low | 107 | 146.7 ± 374.3 | 114 | 153.2 ± 399.2 |
| Medium | 109 | 15.9 ± 44.9 | 112 | 3.7 ± 18.2 |
| High | 109 | 8.4 ± 50.9 | 112 | 3.5 ± 22.1 |