Box 1: Examples of implicit and explicit reporting of academic conflicts of interest
Research topicComment/conflictRationaleReporting
Trial of fecal transplant for treatment of Clostridium difficile (18)“The study is very exciting,” said Dr. … who … is a vocal proponent of fecal transfusions and has performed them for 4 years. “I hope this will help to change minds. Those of us who do them know they’re effective, and to our patients, it’s like a miracle.” (21)Proponent of fecal transplantsExplicit
Study of association between obesity and vitamin D status (19)“… a quote from Professor … from the National Obesity Forum. He said that ‘food intake and genetics all play a part in obesity — but this research is a reminder that physical activity, like walking the dog or going for a run out in the sunshine, shouldn’t be forgotten and can help correct both weight and lack of vitamin D.’ ” (22)Physician specializing in obesity medicineImplied
Trial of acupuncture for seasonal rhinitis (20)Editorialists are proponents and practitioners of acupuncture (23)Proponent of acupunctureNot declared