Characteristics of cases (women with intra- or postpartum severe acute maternal morbidity) and controls (women who delivered without severe acute maternal morbidity)
| Characteristics | No. (%) of cases* n = 1444 | No. (%) of controls* n = 3464 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | |||
| Region or country of birth | 0.03 | ||
| France | 1061 (80.1) | 2596 (83.1) | |
| Other European country | 34 (2.6) | 83 (2.7) | |
| North Africa | 91 (6.9) | 209 (6.7) | |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 79 (6.0) | 126 (4.0) | |
| Other | 60 (4.5) | 110 (3.5) | |
| Living without a partner | 78 (5.8) | 128 (4.0) | 0.01 |
| Maternal age, yr | |||
| Mean ± SD | 30.8 ± 5.4 | 30.4 ± 5.2 | 0.03 |
| < 25 | 211 (14.7) | 550 (15.9) | 0.26 |
| 25–29 | 447 (31.0) | 1100 (31.8) | |
| 30–34 | 467 (32.3) | 1149 (33.2) | |
| ≥ 35 | 319 (22.1) | 665 (19.2) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 24 ± 5.1 | 23.8 ± 4.9 | 0.21 |
| < 18.5 | 111 (8.0) | 250 (7.5) | 0.24 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 824 (59.8) | 2050 (61.2) | |
| 25–29.9 | 268 (19.4) | 683 (20.4) | |
| ≥ 30 | 176 (12.8) | 365 (10.9) | |
| Smoker | 251 (18.1) | 740 (21.7) | < 0.01 |
| Pre-existing medical condition† | 159 (11.0) | 245 (7.1) | < 0.01 |
| Parity and previous cesarean | < 0.01 | ||
| Nulliparous | 761 (52.7) | 1495 (43.2) | |
| Parous without previous cesarean | 479 (33.2) | 1617 (46.7) | |
| Parous with previous cesarean | 204 (14.1) | 352 (10.2) | |
| Previous obstetric hemorrhage | 78 (5.4) | 78 (2.3) | < 0.01 |
| Previous gestational hypertensive disorders | 37 (2.6) | 80 (2.3) | 0.60 |
| Pregnancy and delivery | |||
| In vitro fertilization | 88 (6.1) | 73 (2.1) | < 0.01 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 126 (8.7) | 52 (1.5) | < 0.01 |
| Third-trimester anemia | 329 (24.4) | 509 (16.0) | < 0.01 |
| Gestational hypertensive disorder | 182 (12.6) | 215 (6.2) | < 0.01 |
| Breech presentation | 97 (6.7) | 140 (4.0) | < 0.01 |
| Gestational age at delivery, GW | < 0.01 | ||
| < 32 | 20 (1.9) | 27 (0.8) | |
| 32–33 | 16 (1.1) | 24 (0.7) | |
| 34–36 | 100 (6.9) | 165 (4.8) | |
| ≥ 37 | 1306 (90.5) | 3247 (93.7) | |
| No prophylactic oxytocin after birth | 114 (8.1) | 219 (6.4) | 0.04 |
| Birth weight > 90th percentile | 173 (12.1) | 256 (7.4) | < 0.01 |
| Mode of delivery in 2 classes | < 0.01 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 924 (64.0) | 2834 (81.8) | |
| Cesarean delivery | 520 (36.0) | 630 (18.2) | |
| Mode of delivery in 3 classes | < 0.01 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 924 (64.0) | 2834 (82.0) | |
| Cesarean before labour | 209 (14.5) | 297 (8.5) | |
| Cesarean during labour | 311 (21.5) | 333 (9.5) | |
| Maternity unit status | < 0.01 | ||
| Public university | 309 (42.2) | 1040 (30.0) | |
| Other public | 626 (43.4) | 1547 (44.7) | |
| Private | 209 (14.5) | 877 (25.3) | |
Note: GW = gestational week, SD = standard deviation.
↵* Unless stated otherwise.
↵† Pre-existing chronic medical condition, defined by a binary variable for the presence of at least 1 of the following: hypertension; diabetes; diseases of the circulatory, respiratory or digestive system; hematologic, mental, liver or autoimmune diseases; venous thromboembolism; epilepsy; nephropathy; multiple sclerosis; neoplasia; HIV infection; or active hepatitis B or C.