Selected characteristics of patients who were surveyed in 2002, 2009 and 2017
| Characteristic | No. (%) of patients* | Standardized difference† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 n = 6747 | 2009 n = 8902 | 2017 n = 9929 | ||
| Sex, male | 3485 (51.7) | 4569 (51.5) n = 8865 | 5217 (52.8) n = 9881 | 0.03 |
| Age, mean ± SD; yr | 56.1 ± 27.0 | 57.6 ± 27.9 n = 8869 | 58.3 ± 27.9 n = 9896 | 0.08 |
| Age group, yr | n = 8869 | n = 9896 | ||
| Infants (< 1) | 493 (7.3) | 672 (7.6) | 837 (8.5) | 0.04 |
| Children (1–17) | 481 (7.1) | 619 (7.0) | 554 (5.6) | 0.06 |
| Adults (18–64) | 2444 (36.2) | 3052 (34.4) | 3235 (32.7) | 0.07 |
| ≥ 65 | 3329 (49.3) | 4526 (51.0) | 5270 (53.3) | 0.08 |
| Location of patient in hospital on survey day | n = 6736 | n = 8864 | n = 9912 | |
| Medical/surgical | 4882 (72.4) | 5934 (66.7) | 5664 (57.1) | 0.17 |
| ICU | 713 (10.6) | 1027 (11.5) | 1227 (12.4) | 0.06 |
| Adult | 296 (4.4) | 497 (5.6) | 583 (5.9) | 0.07 |
| Neonatal | 355 (5.3) | 475 (5.4) | 534 (5.4) | 0.006 |
| Pediatric | 62 (0.9) | 55 (0.6) | 110 (1.1) | 0.05 |
| Hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant | 295 (4.4) | 446 (5.0) | 526 (5.3) | 0.04 |
| Pediatrics | 336 (5.0) | 376 (4.2) | 404 (4.1) | 0.04 |
| Critical/coronary care (not ICU) | 169 (2.5) | 209 (2.4) | 348 (3.5) | 0.07 |
| Gynecology/obstetrics | 123 (1.8) | 153 (1.7) | 207 (2.1) | 0.03 |
| Trauma/burn | 104 (1.5) | 92 (1.0) | 115 (1.2) | 0.05 |
| Solid organ transplant | 104 (1.5) | 184 (2.1) | 94 (1.0) | 0.09 |
| Other | 10 (0.2) | 2 (0.02) | 174 (1.8) | 0.30 |
| No. of days patients had been in hospital on survey day, median (IQR) | 10 (5–23) n = 6125 | 11 (5–27) n = 8809 | 10 (5–24) n = 9841 | 0.10 |