Risk-of-bias assessment for included cohort studies using the modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale
| Study | From the same population | Assessment of exposure | Outcome not present at start | Adjustment | Assessment of prognostic factors | Assessment of outcome | Adequate follow-up | Similar co-interventions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai et al., 2020 (14) | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Probably no | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Lau et al., 2009 (29) | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Leong et al., 2004 (30) | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Li et al., 2005 (25) | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Probably no | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Muller et al., 2007 (31) | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Shalhoub et al., 2015 (23) | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably no | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Zhou et al., 2020 (preprint) (24) | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Yan et al., 2020 (preprint) (27) | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably no | Probably yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably no |
| Liu et al., 2020 (preprint) (32) | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably no | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes |
| Magagnoli et al., 2020 (preprint) (19) | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |
| Mahévas et al. 2020 (preprint) (20) | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Probably yes | Definitely yes | Probably yes |