Incidence rates of maternal and neonatal trauma following operative vaginal delivery in the current study compared with those reported in OVD guidelines (12)– (14)
| Outcome | Incidence | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current study | SOGC | RCOG | RANZCOG | |
| Maternal trauma | ||||
| OASI (third-and fourth-degree perineal tear) | F: 21.5 per 100 deliveries (1 in 4.7) V: 11.7 per 100 deliveries (1 in 8.6) | Between 4.0% and 6.6% of all vaginal births | F: 8% to 12% V: 1% to 4% | No incidence rate provided. |
| Fourth degree perineal tear | F: 2.2 per 100 deliveries (1 in 45) V: 1.2 per 100 deliveries (1 in 83) | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. |
| Neonatal trauma | ||||
| Intracranial hemorrhage | F: 0.70 per 1000 births (1 in 1430) V: 0.83 per 1000 births (1 in 1205) | F & V: 1.16 per 1000 births (1 in 860) | F & V: 0.5 to 1.5 per 1000 (between 1 in 2000 and 1 in 667) | F: 1.51 per 1000 births (1 in 664) V: 1.16 per 1000 births (1 in 860) |
| Subgaleal hemorrhage | F: 0.92 per 1000 births (1 in 1087) V: 2.47 per 1000 births (1 in 405) | V: 1 in 1000 deliveries with a rigid plastic cup | “Predominantly vacuum”, 3.0 to 6.0 per 1000 births (between 1 in 167 and 1 in 333) | V: 1 in 300 births |
| Skull fracture | F: 0.67 per 1000 births (1 in 1493) V: 0.26 per 1000 births (1 in 3846) | No incidence rate provided. | “Mainly forceps, rare” No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. |
| Brachial plexus injury | F: 4.85 per 1000 births (1 in 206) V: 3.41 per 1000 births (1 in 293) | F: 5 in every 10 000 births (1 in 2000)* | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. |
| Seizures | F: 2.05 per 1000 births (1 in 488) V: 1.65 per 1000 births (1 in 606) | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. |
| Neonatal death | F: 3.1 per 10 000 births (1 in 3226) V: 3.0 per 10 000 births (1 in 3333) | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. | No incidence rate provided. |
Note: F = forceps, OASI = obstetric anal sphincter injury, RANZCOG = The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, RCOG = Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (United Kingdom), SOGC = Society for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, V = vacuum.
↵* Rate misreferenced and miscalculated.