COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths in Ontario long-term care homes, by profit status (Mar. 29 to May 20, 2020)
| Measure | Profit status of LTC home | p value¶ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%)* of for-profit LTC homes† n = 360 | No. (%)* of nonprofit LTC homes‡ n = 162 | No. (%)* of municipal LTC homes§ n = 101 | ||
| COVID-19 outbreaks | ||||
| Any LTC home outbreak | 154 (42.8) | 73 (45.1) | 41 (40.6) | 0.77 |
| Outbreaks involving both residents and staff | 51 (14.2) | 29 (17.9) | 13 (12.9) | 0.44 |
| Outbreaks involving residents only | 59 (16.4) | 26 (16.0) | 12 (11.9) | 0.53 |
| Outbreaks involving staff only | 44 (12.2) | 18 (11.1) | 16 (15.8) | 0.51 |
| COVID-19 outbreaks involving residents | ||||
| Total no. of COVID-19 cases | 3599 | 1239 | 380 | – |
| Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases | 85.1 per 1000 | 61.4 per 1000 | 23.4 per 1000 | < 0.001 |
| Homes with a resident outbreak | 110 (30.6) | 55 (34.0) | 25 (24.8) | 0.29 |
| Percentage of residents infected per outbreak home, median (IQR) | 4.8 (1.1–49.6) | 5.6 (1.5–33.8) | 1.1 (0.6–4.6) | 0.01 |
| No. of cases per outbreak home, median (IQR) | 5 (1–55) | 10 (1–35) | 2 (1–10) | 0.20 |
| COVID-19 resident deaths | ||||
| Total no. of COVID-19 deaths | 989 | 368 | 95 | – |
| COVID-19 death rate | 23.4 per 1000 | 18.2 per 1000 | 5.8 per 1000 | < 0.001 |
| Homes with any resident death | 51 (14) | 33 (20) | 11 (11) | 0.086 |
| Percentage of resident deaths per home, median (IQR) | 13.0 (5.1–19.6) | 7.0 (2.4–12.7) | 2.3 (1.0–6.8) | 0.0019 |
| Median no. of deaths per home (IQR) | 14 (8–27) | 10 (4–16) | 3 (2–13) | 0.013 |
| Case fatality rate, % | 27.5 | 29.7 | 25.0 | 0.14 |
Note: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, IQR = interquartile range, LTC = long-term care.
↵* Unless otherwise specified.
↵† Number of active residents in Ontario for-profit LTC homes as of Mar. 31, 2020: 40 752; number of beds: 42 310.
↵‡ Number of active residents in Ontario nonprofit LTC homes as of Mar. 31, 2020: 19 375; number of beds: 20 181.
↵§ Number of active residents in Ontario municipal LTC homes as of Mar. 31, 2020: 15 675; number of beds: 12 269.
↵¶ Exact binomial test used for incidence, χ2 test for categorical variables, and Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous, α = 0.05.