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Box 1.
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Fig. 1: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide fragment (NT-proBNP) in the PRIDE study involving 600 patients presenting to the emergency department with acute dyspnea. Five possible decision thresholds are shown, ranging from 300 to 1000 pg/mL, with corresponding sensitivities and specificities. Reproduced, with permission, from Januzzi et al.21 © 2005 Elsevier. Additional data provided by Januzzi.
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Fig. 2: Performance of acute congestive heart failure score in the diagnosis of heart failure in the derivation cohort from the PRIDE study (light bars) and the validation cohort from New Zealand (dark bars). Modified, with permission, from Baggish et al.22
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Fig. 3: Nomogram version of Bayes' Theorem. Starting with a patient in whom the diagnosis is uncertain after clinical evaluation (e.g., pretest probability of 50%), a likelihood ratio of 10 or greater for a positive test result is required to rule in disease with reasonable certainty (i.e., post-test probability of 90% or greater), whereas a likelihood ratio of 0.10 or smaller for a negative test result is required to rule out disease with reasonable certainty (i.e., post-test probability of 10% or lower). Adapted, with permission, from Fagan TJ. Nomogram for Bayes' formula. N Engl J Med 1975;293:257. Copyright © 1975 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.
Tables
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