Article Figures & Tables
Tables
Tool Factors included Outcomes calculated Validated Comments National Cancer Institute breast cancer risk assessment tool (Gail model)* Age
Age at menarche
Age at first live birth
Number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer
Race/ethnicity
Previous breast biopsies
- No
- Presence of atypical hyperplasia
Estimated 5-yr risk
Estimated lifetime risk
Yes (7) Performs poorly when patient has substantial family history International Breast Cancer Intervention Society risk evaluation tool† Age
Height and weight
Age at menarche and menopause
Use and duration of hormone replacement therapy
Detailed family history
- First- and second-degree relatives
- Age of onset
- Bilateral breast cancer
- Ovarian cancer
Previous breast biopsies
- Hyperplasia/atypia/lobular carcinoma in situ
Estimated 10-yr risk
Estimated lifetime risk
Yes (but median follow-up < 6 yr) (8) ↵* Available at www.cancer.gov/bcrisktool/.
↵† Available at www.ems-trials.org/riskevaluator/.
Age, yr 1994 and 2001 Canadian guidelines (10), (11) 2009 US guidelines (12) 2011 Canadian guidelines* (2) Mammography CBE Mammography CBE Mammography CBE 40–49 No recommendation either for or against (every 12–18 mo) Every 1–2 yr No recommendation either for or against (every 2 yr) Insufficient evidence Recommend against Recommend against 50–69 Every 1–2 yr Every 1–2 yr Every 2 yr Insufficient evidence Every 2–3 yr Recommend against 70–74 Insufficient evidence Every 1–2 yr Every 2 yr Insufficient evidence Every 2–3 yr Recommend against Note: CBE = clinical breast examination.
↵* All 2011 recommendations are classified as “weak.”