Article Figures & Tables
Tables
- Table 1:
Summary of results from randomized controlled trials that investigated the prevention of cognitive decline in healthy older adults
Intervention No. of patients Study duration Overall effect on memory Cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists (5)– (7) 89 3–15 mo None Hormonal therapies Estrogen (8)– (14) 10 792 2 wk–5 yr Worsened memory Testosterone (15)– (17) 144 3 mo–3 yr Inconsistent DHEA (18)– (20) 317 6 wk–1 yr Inconsistent Ginkgo (21), (22) 348 6 wk–3.5 yr None Vitamins and fatty acids (23)– (26) 6 779 4 wk–9.6 yr None Miscellaneous pharmacologic interventions (27)– (30) 7 530 4 wk–3.7 yr Inconsistent Physical exercise (31)– (33) 244 6 mo–1 yr Inconsistent Cognitive training (34)– (36) 3 321 3 wk–5 yr Improvement Note: DHEA = dehydroepiandrosterone, NMDA = N-methyl-d-aspartate.