Glatiramer acetate (5) | 20 mg SC daily | 2 | Drug: 0.59 Placebo: 0.84 (29%) | % of patients without progression: Drug: 78.4 Placebo: 75.4 (12%; NS†) |
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Interferon β-1b (6) | 250 μg SC every other day | 3 | Drug: 0.84 Placebo: 1.17 (28%) | % of patients with stable EDSS score: Drug: 73 Placebo: 61 (29%; p = 0.161) |
Local reaction at injection site Flu-like syndrome after injection Liver and thyroid dysfunction (usually reversible) Leukopenia Mood disorders
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Interferon β-1a (7) | 30 μg IM weekly | 2 | Drug: 0.61 Placebo: 0.9 (32%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 21.9 Placebo: 34.9 (37%) | Same as interferon β-1b |
Interferon β-1a (8) | 22 or 44 μg SC, 3 times weekly | 2 | Drug 22 μg: 1.82 Drug 44 μg: 1.73 Placebo: 2.56 (22 μg: 27%; 44 μg: 33%) | 1st quartile time to progression in months: Drug 22 μg: 18.5 Drug 44 μg: 21.3 Placebo: 11.9 (22 μg: NA; 44 μg: 30%) | Same as interferon β-1b |
Natalizumab (9) | 300 mg IV monthly | 2 | Drug: 0.24 Placebo: 075 (68%) | Cumulative probability of progression: Drug: 17 Placebo: 29 (42%) |
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Fingolimod (10) | 0.5 mg PO daily | 2 | Drug: 0.18 Placebo: 0.24 (54%) | Cumulative probability of progression: Drug: 17.7 Placebo: 24.1 (32%) |
Liver dysfunction Bradycardia, increased QT interval Leukopenia and lymphopenia Increased risk of varicella-zoster virus infection Macular edema
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Dimethyl fumarate (11) | 240 mg PO twice daily | 2 | Drug: 0.36 Placebo: 0.17 (53%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 16 Placebo: 27 (38%) |
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Teriflunomide (12) | 14 mg PO daily | 2 | Drug: 0.37 Placebo: 0.54 (31%) | % of patients with disability progression: Drug: 20.2 Placebo: 27.3 (29.8%) |
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