Article Figures & Tables
Tables
Characteristic No. (%)* NSAID exposure† No NSAID exposure
n = 60 962Nonselective COX inhibitors
n = 4 424COX-2 selective inhibitors
n = 71Hypercoagulation disease 1 (0.02)
p = 0.80 (0)
p = 0.917 (0.02) In vitro fertilization 100 (2.3)
p < 0.0010 (0)
p = 0.3847 (1.4) Presence of an intrauterine device 16 (0.4)
p = 0.20 (0)
p = 0.7159 (0.3) Tobacco use 78 (1.8)
p = 0.040 (0)
p = 0.3850 (1.4) Inflammatory disease 8 (0.2)
p = 0.062 (2.8)
p < 0.00156 (0.1) Hypothyroidism 88 (2.0)
p = 0.021 (1.4)
p = 0.9943 (1.5) Obesity 24 (0.5)
p = 0.60 (0)
p > 0.9287 (0.47) Mother’s age, yr, mean ± SD 30.2 ± 5.8
p < 0.00133.1 ± 5.8
p < 0.00128.9 ± 5.8 Ethnic group‡ Bedouin 2 802 (63.3) 43 (60.6) 38 904 (63.8) Jewish 1 622 (36.7)
p = 0.528 (39.4)
p = 0.622 058 (36.2) - Table 2:
Risk of spontaneous abortion following exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: time-varying multivariate Cox regression models
Exposure No. of participants No. of abortions Median gestational age at exposure, d Spontaneous abortion hazard ratio (95% CI) Unadjusted Adjusted* Not exposed 60 962 6 132 Nonselective COX inhibitors 4 424 373 31 1.13 (1.01–1.25) 1.10 (0.99–1.22) Ibuprofen 2 732 215 40 1.13 (0.98–1.30) 1.06 (0.93–1.22) Diclofenac 919 93 23 1.21 (0.98–1.48) 1.19 (0.97–1.46) Naproxen 671 53 27 1.87 (0.66–1.17) 0.97 (0.74–1.28) Etodolac 272 4 20.5 1.26 (0.88–1.80) 1.28 (0.91–1.79) Indomethacin 132 15 89 3.54 (2.20–5.71) 2.82 (1.70–4.69) COX-2 selective inhibitors 71 11 25 1.97 (1.12–3.47) 1.43 (0.79–2.59) Note: CI = confidence interval, COX = cyclooxygenase.
↵* Adjusted for maternal age, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercoagulation state, uterine disorders, presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device, history of recurrent abortion, in vitro fertilization used to conceive the current pregnancy, inflammatory diseases and ethnic group (Bedouin v. Jewish).
- Table 3:
Risk of spontaneous abortion following exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, by defined daily dose: categorical time-varying multivariate Cox regression model
No. of defined daily doses* Spontaneous abortions % (no./total no.) Adjusted hazard ratio† (95% CI) 0 10.0 (6 251/62 432) 1.00 (reference) 1–2 5.6 (55/977) 0.93 (0.77–1.13) 3–9 10.5 (101/961) 0.76 (0.54–1.07) ≥ 10 9.2 (99/1 080) 1.23 (0.94–1.62) Note: CI = confidence interval.
↵* Assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug when it is used in adults for its main indication.
↵† Adjusted for maternal age, hypothyroidism, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypercoagulation state, uterine disorders, presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device, history of recurrent abortions, in vitro fertilization used to conceive the current pregnancy, inflammatory diseases and ethnic group (Bedouin v. Jewish).