Australia | 23 778 | 15 | 58 880 | 535 | Public (71) | Cost-effectiveness considerations for national formulary | Statutory price disclosure and reductions |
Canada | 35 852 | 16.1 | 55 992 | 824 | Public (39) | Mix of statutory regulation and voluntary price negotiations by some payers | Statutory reductions relative to brand-name drug price |
France | 66 415 | 18.4 | 49 450 | 679† | Social insurance (70†) | Statutory regulation based on internal and external reference pricing | Statutory reductions relative to brand-name drug price |
Germany | 81 198 | 21 | 58 586 | 815 | Social insurance (88) | Mix of statutory regulation and voluntary price negotiations | Internal reference-based reimbursement pricing |
Netherlands | 16 901 | 17.8 | 61 195 | 494† | Social insurance (80†) | Mix of statutory regulation and voluntary price negotiations | Mix of statutory regulation and preferred provider contracts with insurers |
New Zealand | 4596 | 14.7 | 47 047 | 365‡ | Public (74) | Negotiated supply contracts for national formulary | Competitive tendering of national supply contracts |
Norway | 5167 | 16.1 | 81 497 | 522 | Public (57) | Mix of statutory regulation and voluntary price negotiations | Statutory reductions relative to brand-name drug price |
Sweden | 9747 | 19.6 | 58 221 | 407 | Public (72) | Cost-effectiveness considerations for national formulary | Statutory reductions relative to brand-name drug price |
Switzerland | 8238 | 17.8 | 74 112 | 694 | Social insurance (84) | Statutory regulation based on internal and external reference pricing | Statutory reductions relative to brand-name drug price |
United Kingdom | 64 875 | 17.7 | 50 601 | 598† | Public (66†) | Mix of statutory profit regulation and negotiated patient access schemes | Statutory price disclosure and reductions |