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Illuminating and mitigating the evolving impacts of COVID-19 on ethnocultural communities: a participatory action mixed-methods study
Denise Campbell-Scherer, Yvonne Chiu, Nicole Naadu Ofosu, Thea Luig, Karen Heather Hunter, Badi Jabbour, Sauleha Farooq, Ali Mahdi, Aline Gayawira, Fransiska Awasis, Funke Olokude, Hannah Goa, Hina Syed, Judy Sillito, Lydia Yip, Lyn Belle, Mawien Akot, Monique Nutter, Nadia Farhat, Yan Wang, Niga Jalal, Saida Khalif, Shiva Chapagain, Stephanie Fernandez, Susan Azarcon and Zhewar Hama
CMAJ August 09, 2021 193 (31) E1203-E1212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.210131
Denise Campbell-Scherer
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MD PhDYvonne Chiu
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
PhDNicole Naadu Ofosu
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
PhDThea Luig
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
PhDKaren Heather Hunter
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
PhDBadi Jabbour
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BScSauleha Farooq
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BScAli Mahdi
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MEconAline Gayawira
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BAFransiska Awasis
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Funke Olokude
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
RSW MEdHannah Goa
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MScHina Syed
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BAJudy Sillito
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MEdLydia Yip
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Lyn Belle
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
RSWMawien Akot
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MB ChBMonique Nutter
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BA MSWNadia Farhat
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Yan Wang
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MANiga Jalal
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BASaida Khalif
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BScNShiva Chapagain
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
Stephanie Fernandez
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
MDSusan Azarcon
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BScZhewar Hama
Office of Lifelong Learning & the Physician Learning Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Hunter, Luig), University of Alberta; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Campbell-Scherer, Ofosu, Jabbour), University of Alberta; Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative (Chiu, Mahdi, Gayawira, Awasis, Olokude, Goa, Syed, Sillito, Yip, Belle, Akot, Nutter, Farhat, Wang, Jalal, Khalif, Chapagain, Fernandez, Azarcon, Hama); University of Alberta Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (Farooq); Alberta Diabetes Institute (Campbell-Scherer), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.
BArchData supplements
Online appendices
- Appendix 1: Criteria used for purposeful sampling of brokers for maximum variation in their knowledge and experience, which is a combination of focus areas and characteristics of the communities they serve.
- Appendix 2: Data Collection Tool using SenseMaker®
- Appendix 3: Socio-demographic information of the brokers
- Appendix 4: Illustrative micro-narratives on areas of impact arising from COVID-19 situation. Supplemental narratives for Table 1.
- Appendix 5: Broker role as identified by the sensor net. Appendix
- Appendix 6: Suggestions to consider for intervention on key areas of needs arising from the COVID-19 impacts
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Illuminating and mitigating the evolving impacts of COVID-19 on ethnocultural communities: a participatory action mixed-methods study
Denise Campbell-Scherer, Yvonne Chiu, Nicole Naadu Ofosu, Thea Luig, Karen Heather Hunter, Badi Jabbour, Sauleha Farooq, Ali Mahdi, Aline Gayawira, Fransiska Awasis, Funke Olokude, Hannah Goa, Hina Syed, Judy Sillito, Lydia Yip, Lyn Belle, Mawien Akot, Monique Nutter, Nadia Farhat, Yan Wang, Niga Jalal, Saida Khalif, Shiva Chapagain, Stephanie Fernandez, Susan Azarcon, Zhewar Hama
CMAJ Aug 2021, 193 (31) E1203-E1212; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210131
Illuminating and mitigating the evolving impacts of COVID-19 on ethnocultural communities: a participatory action mixed-methods study
Denise Campbell-Scherer, Yvonne Chiu, Nicole Naadu Ofosu, Thea Luig, Karen Heather Hunter, Badi Jabbour, Sauleha Farooq, Ali Mahdi, Aline Gayawira, Fransiska Awasis, Funke Olokude, Hannah Goa, Hina Syed, Judy Sillito, Lydia Yip, Lyn Belle, Mawien Akot, Monique Nutter, Nadia Farhat, Yan Wang, Niga Jalal, Saida Khalif, Shiva Chapagain, Stephanie Fernandez, Susan Azarcon, Zhewar Hama
CMAJ Aug 2021, 193 (31) E1203-E1212; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210131
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