Sackeim et al. (12) | Multicentre RCT, sham control | 290 patients; MDD |
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UK ECT Review Group (10) | Meta-analysis | 22 trials involving 1408 patients; MDD |
Real ECT was more effective than sham ECT (difference in HRSD = 9.7, 95% CI 5.7–13.5) ECT was more effective than pharmacotherapy (difference in HRSD = 5.2, 95% CI 1.4–8.9) Bilateral ECT was more effective than unipolar ECT (difference in HRSD = 3.6, 95% CI 2.2–5.2)
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Pagnin et al. (11) | Meta-analysis | 13 RCTs involving 892 patients; MDD |
Antidepressant response was more likely with real ECT than with sham ECT (OR 4.77, 95% CI 2.39–9.49) Antidepressant response was more likely with ECT than with medication (OR 3.72, 95% CI 2.60–5.32)
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Husain et al. (13) | Multicentre, prospective, open-label | 253 patients; MDD |
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Kellner et al. (14) | Multicentre, prospective, open-label | 131 patients; MDD and expressed suicidal ideation or acts |
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Kellner et al. (15) | Multicentre, parallel- design RCT | 201 patients; MDD successfully treated with ECT |
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Kellner et al. (16) | Multicentre, double-blind RCT | 230 patients; MDD or bipolar disorder |
Equivalent remission rates were seen with bitemporal (64%, 95% CI 53%–75%), bifrontal (61%, 95% CI 50%–71%) and high-dose right unilateral ECT (55%, 95% CI 43%–66%)
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