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Neuromodulation for treatment-refractory major depressive disorder
Nir Lipsman, Tejas Sankar, Jonathan Downar, Sidney H. Kennedy, Andres M. Lozano and Peter Giacobbe
CMAJ January 07, 2014 186 (1) 33-39; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.121317
Nir Lipsman
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDTejas Sankar
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDJonathan Downar
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD PhDSidney H. Kennedy
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MDAndres M. Lozano
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD PhDPeter Giacobbe
Division of Neurosurgery (Lipsman, Lozano), Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Neurosurgery (Sankar), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta.; and the Department of Psychiatry (Downar, Kennedy, Giacobbe), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
MD MSc![Loading Loading](https://www.cmaj.ca/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif)
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Neuromodulation for treatment-refractory major depressive disorder
Nir Lipsman, Tejas Sankar, Jonathan Downar, Sidney H. Kennedy, Andres M. Lozano, Peter Giacobbe
CMAJ Jan 2014, 186 (1) 33-39; DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.121317